The purpose of using the chemotherapy is to kill the tumor cells. As such it also kills the healthy cells which cause the drawbacks. In market, there are many types of anti cancer drugs are available. All these drugs behave differently as how these approaches cancer cells. These drugs are injected in the muscles through the vein which are taken orally. Then, drugs are absorbed in the blood and then circulated in the body. In the treatment of chemotherapy, one or mix of these drugs is used. In other type of cancer, different kind of drugs is required to kill cancer cells in many ways in the stages of the cell cycle. In the treatment of the chemotherapy, the drug which is selected is then clinically trailed for the reason to show that it is effective for destroying grades, types and particulars of cancer. For selecting the chemotherapy drug, other attributes like tolerance and age of drawbacks are also crucial. In the treatment of the chemotherapy, the mixture of pharmaceutical and chemical are applied to kill the cancer cells. In it common drugs are used like- 5FU, taxol, cisplatin, adriamycin, and others. The treatment of Chemotherapy mainly depends upon the stage and type of cancer.
Types of Chemotherapy:
Plant Alkaloids:
It comprises of certain kind of plants which can be taken from nature. Taxanes is made with the use of the bark of Pacific Yew Tree and vinca alkaloids are created with the use of periwinkle plant. Taxanes and vinca alkaloids are also callsed as antimicrotubule agents. Through the May apple plants, podophyllotoxins is taken. From the Asian Happy tree, Camptothecan analogs are developed. During stages of division, Plant alkaloids approach the cell as these are cells cycle specific. The Plant alkaloids are paclitaxel, taxens, docetaxel and some vinca alkaloids which comprises of virorelbine, vinblastine and vincristine.
Alkylating Agents:
The alkylting agents are the crucial active than the remaining phase. The cells help in damaging DNA and also protect towards reproduction of cancer cells. This is very crucial that the various types of cancer should be treated. In the treatment of chemotherapy, some alkylating agents are used and these are:-
• Mustard gas derivatives: Melphalan, Ifosfamide, Cyclophosphamide, Chlorambucil, and Mechlorethamine.
• Hydrazines and Triazines: Altretamine, Procarbazine, Temozolomide,and Dacarbazine.
• Nitrosureas: Nitrosureas, Streptozocin, Carustine, Lomustine and are singular and can cross blood brain barrier. It is also helpful in treating the brain tumors.
• Metal salts: Oxaliplatin, Carboplatin, and Cispaltin.
• Ethylenimies:Thiotepa and Oxaliplatinx.
• Alkylsulfonates: Busulfan
Anti-tumor Antibiotics:-
Soil fungus streptomyces produced these natural products. These cells regarded as cell cycle specific and these cells worked throughout multiple phases of cell cycle. Types of anti-tumor antibiotics are:
• Anthracyclines: Idarubicin , Epirubicin, Daunorubicin Mitoxantrone and Doxorubicin.
• Chromomycins: Dactinomycin and Plicamycin.
• Miscellaneous: Mitomycin and Bleomycin.
Anthracyclines:
The replication of DNA is done when anthracyclines interfere with enzymes Anthracyclines helps in the treatment of many types of cancer and it is anti tumor antibiotic and cell cycle non specific. Examples of Anthracyclines:- mitomycin, doxorubicin and bleomycin.
Topoisomerase Inhibitors:
On the activity of toposiomerase enzymes, these chemotherapy drugs interfere. In controlling the handling of DNA structure, Topoisomerase enzymes act as a crucial part which is required for replication in the treatment of chemotherapy. Some toposiomerase enzymes are ironotecan, topotecan comprises of topoisomerase I inhibitors and teniposide included in topoisomerase II inhibitors and several enzymes are etoposide phosphate, amsacrine, etoposide and
Antimetabolities:
In the cell, antimetabolities are also present like other normal substances. These drugs interfere with the development of RNA and DNA. Antimetabolities are used to kill cancer cells in particular stage of cell division and these are cell cycle specific. As cells integrate normal substances into the cellular metabolism, then antimetabolities are not able to split up. The antimetabolities are sorted out accordingly to the substances it interferes.
• Folic acid antagonist: Methotrexate
• Adenosine deaminase inhibitor: Fludarabine, Nelarbine,, Pentostain and Cladribine
Mitotic Inhibitor
• Purine antagonist: 6- Mercaptopurineand 6-thioguanine
• Pyrimidine antagonist: Capecitabine, Foxuridine, 5-fluorouracil, Gemcitabine and Cytarabine.
The mitotic inhibitor inhibits the division of cancerous cells. It acts while the mitosis phase of cycle. This is required in the time of reproduction of cells and is interfere along with the development of enzymes.
Miscellaneous Antineoplastics:
• Retinoids : Isotretinoin, tretinoin (ATRA), Baxarotene.
• Adrenocortical steroid inhibitor: Mitotane
• Antimicrotubule agent: Estramustine.
• Enzymes: Asparaginase and Pegaspargase.
• Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor: Hydroxyurea.